Improvement in gas-kilns for burning bricks



'3`Sh'eets-Sheet1. H. SEGER & H. DUEBERG. G'As KILN FOR BURNING BRICK.

Patented :une zo, 197e.

www WM? N.FErERS. PHcTO-LITHOGHAFHER. WASHINGTON, D C.

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HLSEGER &-H DUEBERG. GAS KILN'FOR' BURNING BRIGK.

510,179,069, y Patented .Tune 20,1876.

NV PETERS, FHOTO-LTHOGRAPMER, WASHINGTON. D C.

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Umano S'rnfrns PATENT @rr-ron HERMANN SEGER AND HELMUTH DUEBERG, OF BERLIN, PRUSSIA.`

IMPROVEMENT IN GAS-,KILNS FOR BURNING BR-ICKS.-

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No.`17f9,069, dated June 20, l1876; application filed I April 21, 1876.

To all whom it may concern: Y

Be it known that we, HERMANN SEGER and HELMUTH DUEBERG, both of the city of Ber- 1in, Kingdom of Prussia, haveinvented ay new and Improved Gas-Kiln for Burning Bricks, Pottery Ware, 85o., which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, in which- Figure l represents a longitudinal vertical section of our kiln in the plane a b, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof, partly in section. Fig. 3 is a transverse section in the plane c d, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a transverse section in the plane cf, Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section in the plane g h, Fig. 2, and on a larger Fig. 6 is a on a scale which is larger than the previous gures. Y

. Similar letters indicate corresponding parts. Our invention relates to the application of combustible gases-such Vas carbonio oxide, &o.to the burning of bricks, tiles, potteryware, and articles of a similar nature, and particularly in that class ot' kilns known as progressive kilns,77 for which Letters Patent of the United States were granted to Frederick E. Hoffmann, June 13,1865,No. 48,244, the object of substituting gas for coal, wood, and other solid fuel being mainly to keep the kiln free from ashes and other impurities.

Our invention consists in such devices for the admission of gas into the kiln as will insure a uniform distribution ot' the gas and a proper mixture of it with atmospheric air, whereby perfect combustion and a uniform heat are insured. The kiln has a burning-gallery, which is divided into sections, to which the gas is admitted successively, and also constructed with suitable openings vor doorways for the admission of atmospheric air. The gas is admitted through walls, by which the burniag-gallery is divided into sections, and which, to this end, are provided with vertical dues, these walls being also provided with perforations for the passage of atmospheric air, so that a continuous draft may be established throughout thel burning-gallery, and so that the gas is caused to mix with the air and become ignited as they escape together from the walls. The vertical gasliiues in the walls .receive the gas from a supply-due, having suitable branches and valves, and which is adapted to be connected with a gasgenerator.

In the drawing, the letterAdesignates a gasgenerator for producing carbonic oxide from coal or other substance, and the construction of which is sufficiently well known not to require any description. B is a condenser, which is arranged to receive the gas escaping from the generator A, and in which steam, tar, and other impurities that may be contained in the gas are condensed. C is a supply-Hue, whichv serves to conduct the gas to the kiln. This supply-flue C is preferably placed under ground, as seen in Fig. l, and it extends entirely 'around the kiln, as shown in dotted outline in Fig. 2, being -provided with various branches, which will be hereinafter specifically referred to. y

The kiln is constructed principally of a burning-gallery, D, ot one or more smokechambers, G, and a chimney, H. The burninggallery l) may be made either circular or oblong, (as shown in the drawing,) or elliptic, or of any other selected shape. It is divided into a series of sections by walls E, which are perforated so that they do not disturb the continuity of the gallery. The gallery, however, is adapted to be shut oft' at 'different points by means of a gate, S, Fig. 2,-which is madedetachable, so that it' can be moved from onel section to another, being placed alongside the walls E, and access heilig had thereto through doorways o formed in/ the outer wall of the kiln. The sections of the burninggallery are marked l to 16 respectively. From each section of the burning-.gallery D extends a smoke-due, F, which leads into the smokechamber, G, and each of the smoke-dues F is provided with avalve,Z,Fig. 1, by which they may be open'ed and closed at will. In the present example each section ofthe gallery D has three walls, E. Their number, however, may be more or less, according to the kind of ware to be burned in the kiln. The gas-supply ue C is provided with branches q, (see Fig. 2, lower right-hand side,) the number of which branches corresponds to the numberof sections in the burning-gallery. A communication between these branch lues q and the main flue C maybe established or interrupted at will through .valves 1'. From each of the branch tlues q extend aseries of smaller flues, s, which run along under each section of the gallery, and these last-named iiues s communicate with each other through passages t, of which there are as many as there are walls E in the gallery, one being immediately below each wall. The passages t extend upward into the interior of the walls E, (best seen in Fig. 5,) wherethey forni vertical lues u, which are facedon one side with perforated bricks w, through which the gas is admitted to the kiln, and on the other side with solid bricks a'. The walls `E are built up almost entirely of perforated bricks, part of which pass all the way through the walls, as at c, Fig. 6, and serve to establish a communication of one side `thereo' with the other:I The rest ot' the perforated bricks, marked w, are those before lmentioned as establishing a communication between the dues a and the exterior of the walls. Those parts ofthe lmrning-gallery D `which are not accessible from the doorways o 0on accountot' the walls E, are charged with goods through openings 19 (see Fig. 3) formed in the arch ot' the burning-gallery. Instead ot' these openings, however, doorways may be made in the outer wall of the kiln to communicate with that part vof each section of the gallery situated between the walls. In the arch ofthe burning-gallery D are also formed loop-holes y for controlling the lire. y

The operation of our kiln is substantially similar to that of the said Frederick E. Holi'- mans kiln, which is described in ,his Letters Patent above mentioned, dii'ering from it, however, in the application of gas instead ot' solid fuel. between the sections 1 and 16, leaving open the doorways o 0 of sections 1 and 2, and closing all the rest of the doorways in the usual manner, with bricks having clay spread over them. The smoke -ue F of section 16 is opened by lifting its valve Z while the remaining smoke-fines are closed.

Acontinnous draft of air is then allowed to pass through the burning-gallery in the direction of the arrows marked on it in Fig. 2, entering by the open doorways of sections 1 and 2, thence passing throughout the gallery, and finally leaving it through the open smoke iue F of section 16. In passing through the burnin g-gallery the air goes through the perforatedbricks v in the walls E, so that if gas is allowed to escape from the ues a in such walls, a mixture of the gas with the air takes place. The gas is intended to be admitted to each section of the gallery successively, and to this end the feed-walls E are each provided with a valve, r, as before stated; or, in other words, the burning is carried on only in one section at a time. Say that section `1 is empty and to be filled with goods to be burned while the burning is going on in section 9, sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 being full of We begin by shutting the gate S l contained in this section.

closed) the gas discharges into section 9` through the perforated walls E, and as the gas comes in contact with the hot atmospheric air coming from section 8 it is instantly ignited. It will be noticed that the gas, while ascending in the tlues u of the walls E, is also heated before being ignited. The 'intensity ot' the Ire is regulated by the quantity ot' gas admitted by the valve r as. well as by the draft of air permitted by the smoke-valve Z ot' section 16. rlhe products ot' combustion are carried, by the drat't from section 9, through the remaining sections of the kiln, (10, 11,12, &c.,) thereby heating the raw goods contained in them, and becoming themselves gradually cooled, until such products nally escape through the smoke-tine F of section 16 into the smoke-chamber G, and thence to the chimney.

While the combustion is going on in section 9, the contents of section 10 become heated hy the waste heat of section 9 carried along bythe draft. When the goods in section 9 are sufficiently burned, the gas-valve r of this section is shut and that ot' section 10 opened. The tire then burns in section l() instead of 9, as before. At the same time the shutter S is taken out of itsplace between the sections 16 and l, and moved between sections 1 and 2, section 1 being by this time filled with raw goods and its feeddoor closed. charge-valve Z of section 16 is, at the saine time, closed and that of section 1 opened, and, by this means, the products of combustion are caused to pass also through section 1, so that the moisture is taken from the goods Section 2 is, in the meantime, emptied ot' burned goods and the doorway ot' section 3 opened, so as to permit of alsotaking out the burned goods contained in this section, which will have by this time sufciently cooled down.

While the goods are being taken from section 3 section 2 may relled with raw goods. In this way the operation ot' the kiln goes on, the lire being allowed to advance from section t-o section, and the shutter S being removed, as the gas-supply valves are successively opened, while a corresponding change is made in the escape-valve Z, and one doorway is closed and another opened. The length ot time required for the rin g of each section of the kiln varies with the different kinds ot' ware to be burned, some requiring a longer, and others a shorter, time of burning.

The dis# Waeco 3 Itis evident that the gas is not liable to take fire in the vertical iiues a of the wa-lls, owing to the fact that they are open only on one side, and no atmospheric air isadmitted to them.

The perforations n, in the bricks of the walls, should be sufficiently large or numerous as to let so much atmospheric air pass through each wall as is required for the combustion of the gas. When three walls are made to each section the gas discharging at the first wall should consume only about onethird of the atmospheric air, that discharged at the second wall another third, and that `discharged at the third wall the last third part.

While the perforations o of the walls should be made as large as possible, the outlet-oriiices of the flues u are preferably made small, in order to admit the gas in numerous but small jets into the kiln.

Instead of supplying each section of the burning-gallery with gas through one valve, r, as in the present example, each of the perforated walls E may have its own gas-valve; but in this case there must be as many branch iiues q as there are perforated walls.

The shutter S is preferably made of sheetiron, but it may also be made of cloth, or even of paper, hung up and pasted against the walls next to the doorways. When paper is used it is simply torn off each time a section of the kiln has been filled with goods.

Our invention is applicable-to kilns made with a burning-gallery of limited length, in contradistinction to a continuous or endless gallery, such limited gallery being made in a straight line or any desirable curve. This class ot' kilns, however, cannot be kept in continuous operation, and are hence adapted only for a small production.

In case such akiln is desired, it is so constructed that a tire may be lit vat one end of the gallery and allowed to progress through the gallery and to go out on arriving at the other end of the same, the gallery being made to terminate ina flue leading into a chimney.

A smoke-chamber is not required for such a kiln, t-he one smoke-fine just mentioned going directly into the chimney, where it is provided with a suitable valve for regulating the draft.

The gas-supply due C must in all cases be made to accommodate itself to the shape of the kiln.

It may be mentioned that the gas-flue C can be provided with safety-valves to prevent explosion of the gas. v

In order to augment the formation of gas cess, owing to the imperfect distribution of the gas in the kiln, as well as on account of its imperfect mixture with the atmospheric air necessary for its combustion.

The principal advantage of our kiln, compared with other gas-kilns for burning pottery-ware, Ste., consistsin avoiding a concentration ofthe heat or iiame at any single point,

as is the case in other gas-kilns, and whereby those parts of the kiln itself, as Well as its contents, which are exposed to such concentrated heat, are greatly injured or destroyed.

What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, with a burning-gallery, D, either continuous or limited in length and divided into sections, of a suitable gas-generator, and of a flue, C, which communicates with the severalv sections of the burning-gallery through suitable valves for admitting the gas successively to said sections, substantially in the manner shown and described.

2. In a kiln for burning bricks, potteryware, and other similar articles with carbonio oxide or other combustible gas, a burning-gallery, D, which is divided into sections and provided with suitable openings or doorways for the admission of atmospheric air, constructed with division-walls E, each having iiues a for the admission of gas, and having perforations o for the passage of atmospheric air, the whole being adapted to operate substantially as described.

3. In a kiln for burning bricks, potteryware, and other similar articles with carbonio oxide or other combustible gas, the combination of a burniiigfgallery, D, divided into sections and provided with suitable openings or doorways for the admission of atmospheric air,l and its division-Walls E, having iiues a in addition to perforations o, and a gas-supply iiue, C, having suitable branches for supplying the different sections of the gallery, substantially as described.

This speciiication signed by us this 19th dayof February, 1876.

HERMANN SEGER. [L. s.] HELMUTH DUEBERG. lL. s] Witnesses:

PAUL ORTH, JULIUs AEON. 

